refers to the distribution of copies or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. The offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of persons for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public display, constitutes publication. A public performance or display of a work does not of itself constitute publication. 

refers to the performance or display of a work at a place open to the public or at any place where a substantial number of persons outside of a normal circle of a family and its social acquaintances is gathered or to transmit or otherwise communicate a performance or display of the work to a such a place, or to the public, by means of any device or process, whether the members of the public capable of receiving the performance or display receive it in the same place or in separate places and at the same time or at different times. 

refers to a work on the copies or phonorecords of which the author is identified under a fictitious name. 

refers to Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art, see Person Having Ordinary Skill In The Art. 

refer to material objects in which sounds, other than those accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work, are fixed by any method now known or later developed, and from which the sounds can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. The term "phonorecords" includes the material object in which the sounds are first fixed. 

refers to an association, corporation, or other entity that licenses the public performance of nondramatic musical works on behalf of copyright owners of such works, such as the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and the Society of European Stage Authors & Composers (SESAC, Inc.).

refers to reciting, rendering, playing, dancing, or acting, either directly or by means of any device or process or, in the case of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, showing the work's images in any sequence or to make the sounds accompanying it audible. 

refers to a German patent.

refers to the official patent database of the Japanese Patent Office. 

A geographical indication is an indication that identifies a wine or spirit as originating from a territory where a quality, reputation or other characteristics of the wine or spirit are essentially attributable to its geographical origin and that is listed on the List of Geographical Indications kept by the Registrar.

A statement indicating intention to use a certain trade-mark and how that use will occur.

A second search of Trade-marks Office records to ensure that no confusing trade-marks exist before a given application is published in the Trade-marks Journal.

A word or depiction that designates the origin of a product or service and that therefore may not be registered as a trade-mark.

A plant variety denomination is a right that is granted to the owner for the control over the multiplication and sale of reproductive material for a particular plant variety.

A plant variety denomination is a right that is granted to the owner for the control over the multiplication and sale of reproductive material for a particular plant variety.

Making copies of a work available to the public. The construction of an architectural work and the incorporation of an artistic work into an architectural work are considered publication.

The proprietor of an industrial design is the owner of the design. This can be the person who created it or who paid to have it created or who bought the design rights from the original owner.

All the steps involved in completing a patent application.

An amount of money established by the Copyright Board on blank recording media, whether made here or imported, by manufacturers and importers and is then sold in Canada redistributed to eligible composers, lyricists, performers and sound recording makers through their professional associations and collectives.

Copying of pre-recorded musical works, performers' performances and sound recordings into a blank medium, such as audio tape or cassette, for personal use.

An explanation, in a patent application, of the most appropriate and useful practical applications of an invention.

A work that is published for the first time (or, for certain types of works, published, performed or delivered in public for the first time) after the author's death.

Using the work (or part of it) of another person and claiming it as your own.

An organization that administers rights to perform musical works on behalf of composers, lyricists, songwriters and music publishers.

A term used to indicate rights of performers and sound recording producers to be remunerated when their performances and sound recordings are performed publicly or broadcast. Also referred to as "neighbouring rights".

The Standard for the Presentation of Nucleotide Amino Acid Sequence Listings in International Patent Applications under the PCT provided for in the Administrative Instructions under the Patent Cooperation Treaty.

A label sometimes affixed to new products informing others that the inventor has applied for a patent and that legal protection from infringement (including retroactive rights) may be forthcoming.

An official written communication by the Indian Patent Office on the merits of an application.

India's patent granting authority and disseminator of patent information.

An official with technical expertise charged with the task of classifying a patent or an application, or of determining whether a patent application fulfills the requirements for a grant of patent.

An international treaty providing for standardized filing procedures for foreign patents in the countries that have signed the treaty.

A government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

An international treaty on intellectual property signed by some 90 nations, including India.

A provisional application is an interim document in patent actions. It does not form the basis of the grant of the patent but is a document that precedes the complete application upon which the grant is based.

A provisional application establishes a priority date for disclosure of the details of an invention and allows a period of up to 12 months for development and refinement of the invention before the patent claims take their final form in a complete application.

(Public Switched Telephone Network) -- The regular old-fashioned telephone system.

(Point to Point Protocol) -- Most well known as a protocol that allows a computer to use a regular telephone line and a modem to make TCP/IP connections and thus be really and truly on the Internet.

See Also: IP Number , Internet , SLIP , TCP/IP

A single message entered into a network communications system. E.g. A single message posted to a newsgroup or message board.

See Also: Newsgroup

Usually used as a marketing term to describe a Web site that is or is intended to be the first place people see when using the Web. Typically a "Portal site" has a catalogue of web sites, a search engine, or both. A Portal site may also offer email and other service to entice people to use that site as their main "point of entry" (hence "portal") to the Web.

3 meanings. First and most generally, a place where information goes into or out of a computer, or both. E.g. the serial port on a personal computer is where a modem would be connected.

On the Internet port often refers to a number that is part of a URL, appearing after a colon (:) right after the domain name. Every service on an Internet server listens on a particular port number on that server. Most services have standard port numbers, e.g. Web servers normally listen on port 80. Services can also listen on non-standard ports, in which case the port number must be specified in a URL when accessing the server, so you might see a URL of the form: gopher://peg.cwis.uci.edu:7000/ shows a gopher server running on a non-standard port (the standard gopher port is 70).
Finally, port also refers to translating a piece of software to bring it from one type of computer system to another, e.g. to translate a Windows program so that is will run on a Macintosh.

(Point of Presence, also Post Office Protocol) -- Two commonly used meanings: Point of Presence and Post Office Protocol. A Point of Presence usually means a city or location where a network can be connected to, often with dial up phone lines. So if an Internet company says they will soon have a POP in Mumbai, it means that they will soon have a local phone number in Mumbai and/or a place where leased lines can connect to their network. A second meaning, Post Office Protocol refers to the way e-mail software such as Eudora gets mail from a mail server. When you obtain a SLIP, PPP, or shell account you almost always get a POP account with it, and it is this POP account that you tell your e-mail software to use to get your mail.

See Also: SLIP , PPP

A (usually small) piece of software that adds features to a larger piece of software. Common examples are plug-ins for the Netscape® browser and web server. Adobe Photoshop® also uses plug-ins.

The idea behind plug-in’s is that a small piece of software is loaded into memory by the larger program, adding a new feature, and that users need only install the few plug-ins that they need, out of a much larger pool of possibilities. Plug-ins are usually created by people other than the publishers of the software the plug-in works with.

A code used to gain access to a locked system. Good passwords contain letters and non-letters and are not simple combinations such as virtue7. A good password might be: 27rasgullas! [A ‘Rasgulla’ is a type of Indian sweet]

See Also: Login

The method used to move data around on the Internet. In packet switching, all the data coming out of a machine is broken up into chunks, each chunk has the address of where it came from and where it is going. This enables chunks of data from many different sources to co-mingle on the same lines, and be sorted and directed to different routes by special machines along the way. This way many people can use the same lines at the same time.